Results and Examples Regarding Bifurcation with a Two-Dimensional Kernal

Many problems in pure and applied mathematics entail studying the structure of solutions to F(x; y) = 0, where F is a nonlinear operator between Banach spaces and y is a real parameter. A parameter value where the structure of solutions of F changes is called a bifurcation point. The particular method of analysis for bifurcation depends on the dimension of the kernel of D _x F(0,λ), the linearization of F.

The purpose of our study was to examine some consequences of a recent theorem on bifurcations with 2-dimensional kernels. This resent theorem was compared to previous methods. Also, some specific classes of equations were identified in which the theorem always holds, and an algebraic example was found that illustrates bifurcations with a 2-dimensional kernel.